Jun 13, · The subject of the April 15th talk, co-authored with James W. Springer (who also co-authored this essay), was the threat of religious literalism being used as a means to insist on the repatriation of human remains (mainly skeletons) and artifacts to presumed descendent populations—i.e., present-day Indigenous communities whose members live Jun 28, · An argumentative speech is a persuasive speech in which the speaker attempts to persuade his audience to alter their viewpoints on a controversial issue. While a persuasive speech may be aimed more at sharing a viewpoint and asking the audience to consider it, an argumentative speech aims to radically change the opinions already held by the audience 1 day ago · An argumentative essay requires you to decide on a topic and take a position on it. You'll need to back up your viewpoint with well-researched facts and information as well. One of the hardest parts is deciding which topic to write about, but there are plenty of ideas available to get you started
Rejection of evolution by religious groups - Wikipedia
An ongoing, recurring cultural, political, creationism essay, and theological dispute sometimes termed the creation vs. evolution debate or the origins debate exists regarding the origins of the Earth, of humanity, and of other life. In accordance with creationismspecies were once widely believed to be fixed products of divine creation, creationism essay, but since the midth century, creationism essay by natural selection has been established by the scientific community as an empirical scientific fact.
Any debate is universally considered religious, creationism essay, not scientific, by professional scientific organizations worldwide: in the scientific community, evolution is accepted as fact [1] and efforts to sustain the traditional view are almost universally regarded as pseudoscience, creationism essay.
Christian fundamentalists repudiate the evidence of common descent of humans and other animals as demonstrated in modern paleontologygeneticshistology and cladistics and those other sub-disciplines which are based upon the conclusions of modern evolutionary biologygeologycreationism essay, cosmologyand other related fields.
They argue for creationism essay Abrahamic accounts of creation, and, in order to attempt to gain a place alongside evolutionary biology in the science classroom, creationism essay, have developed a rhetorical framework of " creation science ". In the landmark Kitzmiller v. Dovercreationism essay, the purported basis of scientific creationism was judged to be a wholly religious construct without scientific merit. The Catholic Church now recognizes the existence of evolution see Catholic Church and evolution.
Pope Francis has stated: "God is not a demiurge or creationism essay magician, but the Creator who brought everything to life Evolution in nature is not inconsistent creationism essay the notion of creation, creationism essay, because evolution requires the creation of beings that evolve.
The creation—evolution controversy began in Europe and North America in the late 18th century, creationism essay, when new interpretations of geological evidence led to various theories of an ancient Earthcreationism essay findings of extinctions demonstrated in the fossil geological sequence prompted early ideas of evolutionnotably Lamarckism. In England these ideas of continuing change were at first seen as a threat to the existing "fixed" social order, and both church and state sought to repress them.
The scientific establishment at first dismissed it scornfully and the Church of England reacted with fury, but many UnitariansQuakers and Baptists —groups opposed to the privileges of the established church —favoured its ideas of God acting through such natural laws. By the end of the 19th century, there was no serious scientific opposition to the basic evolutionary tenets of descent with modification and the common creationism essay of all forms of life. The publication creationism essay Darwin's On creationism essay Origin of Species in brought scientific credibility to evolution, and made it a respectable field of study.
Despite the intense interest in the religious implications of Darwin's book, theological controversy over higher criticism set out in Essays and Reviews largely diverted the Church of England's attention. Some of the liberal Christian authors of that work expressed support for Darwin, as did many Nonconformists. The Reverend Charles Kingsleyfor instance, openly supported the idea of God working through evolution, creationism essay.
These essays argued for a conciliation between Darwinian evolution and the tenets of theism, at a time when creationism essay on both sides perceived the two as mutually exclusive. Darwin also took this position, [29] but prominent atheists including Edward Aveling and Ludwig Büchner also took up evolution and it was criticized, in the words of one reviewer, as "tantamount to atheism. George Jackson Mivart and John Augustine ZahmRoman Catholics in the United States became accepting of evolution itself while ambivalent towards natural selection and stressing humanity's divinely imbued soul.
During the late 19th century evolutionary ideas were most strongly disputed by the premillennialistscreationism essay, who held to a prophecy of the imminent return of Christ based on a form of Biblical literalismand were convinced that the Bible would be invalidated if any error in the Scriptures was conceded.
However, hardly any of the critics of evolution at that time were as concerned about geology, freely granting scientists any time they needed before the Edenic creation to account for scientific observations, such as fossils and geological findings. Science professors at liberal northeastern universities almost immediately embraced the theory of evolution and introduced it to their students. However, some people in parts of the south and west of the United States, which had creationism essay influenced creationism essay the preachings of Christian creationism essay evangelicalscreationism essay, rejected the theory as immoral.
In the United Kingdom, Evangelical creationists were in a tiny minority, creationism essay. The Victoria Institute was formed in in response to Essays and Reviews and Darwin's On the Origin of Species.
It was not officially opposed to creationism essay theory, but its main founder James Reddie objected to Darwin's work as " inharmonious " and creationism essay incredible ", and Philip Henry Gosseauthor of Omphaloswas a vice-president.
The institute's membership increased tocreationism essay, then declined sharply. In the s George McCready Price attended and made several presentations of his creationist views, which found little support among the members. In John Ambrose Fleming was made president; while he insisted on creation of the soul, his acceptance of divinely guided development and of Pre-Adamite humanity meant he was thought of as a theistic evolutionist, creationism essay. At the beginning of the 19th century debate had started to develop over applying historical methods to Biblical criticismsuggesting a less literal account of the Bible.
Simultaneously, the developing science of geology indicated the Earth was ancientand religious thinkers sought to accommodate this by day-age creationism or gap creationism. Neptunianist catastrophismwhich had in the 17th and 18th centuries proposed that a universal flood could explain all geological features, creationism essay, gave way to ideas of geological gradualism introduced in by James Creationism essay based creationism essay the erosion and depositional cycle over millions of years, which gave a better explanation of the sedimentary column.
Biology and the discovery of extinction first described in the s and put creationism essay a firm footing by Georges Cuvier in challenged ideas of a fixed immutable Aristotelian " great chain of being. Emerging differences led some [ according to whom?
When most scientists came to accept evolution by aroundEuropean theologians generally came to accept evolution as an instrument of God. For instance, Pope Leo XIII in office — referred to longstanding Christian thought that scriptural interpretations could be reevaluated in the light of new knowledge, [ citation needed ] and Roman Catholics came around to acceptance of human evolution subject to direct creation of the soul.
In the United States the development of the racist Social Darwinian eugenics movement by certain [ which? In Britain this has been creationism essay to their minority status leading to a more tolerant, less militant theological tradition.
In his speech at the Pontifical Academy of Sciences inPope Francis declared that he accepted the Creationism essay Bang theory and the theory of evolution and that God was not "a magician with a magic wand".
At first in the U. Those criticizing these approaches took the name "fundamentalist"—originally coined by its supporters to describe a specific package of theological beliefs that developed into a movement within the Protestant community of the United States in the early part of the 20th century, and which had its roots in creationism essay Fundamentalist—Modernist Controversy of the s and s.
Up until the early midth century [ when? Around the start of the 20th century some evangelical scholars had ideas accommodating evolution, such as B. Warfield creationism essay saw it as a natural law expressing God's will. By then most U. high-school and creationism essay biology classes taught scientific evolution, but several factors, including the rise of Christian fundamentalism and social factors of changes and insecurity in more traditionalist Bible Belt communities, led to a backlash.
The numbers of children receiving secondary education increased rapidly, and parents who had fundamentalist tendencies or who opposed social ideas of what was called " survival of the fittest " had real concerns about what their children were learning about evolution.
The main British creationist movement in this period [ which? The Victoria Creationism essay had the stated objective of defending "the great truths revealed in Holy Scripture against the opposition of Science falsely so called". Amateur ornithologist Douglas Dewarcreationism essay, the main driving-force within the EPM, published a booklet entitled Man: A Special Creation and engaged in public speaking and debates with supporters of evolution, creationism essay.
In the late s he resisted American creationists' call for acceptance of flood geologywhich later led to conflict within the organization. Despite trying to win the public endorsement of C. Tilney, whose dogmatic and authoritarian style ran the organization "as a one-man band", rejecting flood geology, unwaveringly promoting gap creationism, and reducing the membership to lethargic inactivity.
in organometallic chemistry from the University of Bristol. By the mids the CSM had formally incorporated flood geology into its "Deed of Trust" which all officers had to sign and condemned gap creationism and day-age creationism as unscriptural. In Tennessee passed a statute, the Butler Actwhich prohibited the teaching of the creationism essay of evolution in all schools in the state. Later that year Mississippi passed a similar law, as did Arkansas in In the Creationism essay Court of the United States struck down these "anti-monkey" laws as unconstitutional, "because they established a religious doctrine violating both the First and Fourth Amendments to the United States Constitution.
In more recent times religious fundamentalists who accept creationism have struggled to get their rejection of evolution accepted as legitimate science within education institutions in the U, creationism essay. A series of important court cases has resulted, creationism essay. Afterin the aftermath of World War Ithe Fundamentalist—Modernist controversy had brought a surge of opposition to the idea of evolution, and following the campaigning of William Jennings Bryan several states introduced legislation prohibiting the teaching of evolution, creationism essay.
Bysuch creationism essay was being considered in 15 states, creationism essay, and had passed in some states, such as Tennessee. John T. Scopes accepted, and confessed to teaching his Tennessee class evolution in defiance of the Butler Act, using the textbook by George William Hunter : Creationism essay Civic Biology: Presented in Problems The trial, widely publicized by H.
Mencken among others, is commonly referred to as the Scopes Monkey Trial. The court creationism essay Scopes, but the widespread publicity galvanized proponents of evolution. Although it overturned the conviction, the Court decided that the Butler Act was not in violation of the Religious Preference provisions of the Tennessee Constitution Section 3 of Article 1which stated "that no preference shall ever be given, by law, to any religious establishment or mode of worship".
We are not able to see how the prohibition of teaching the theory that man has descended from a lower order of animals gives preference to any religious establishment or mode of worship, creationism essay.
So far as we know, there is no religious establishment or organized body that has in its creed or confession of faith any article denying or affirming such a theory Protestants, Catholics, creationism essay, and Jews are divided among themselves in their beliefs, and that there creationism essay no unanimity among the members of any religious establishment as to this subject.
Belief or unbelief in the theory of evolution is no more a characteristic of any religious establishment or mode of worship than is belief or unbelief in the wisdom of the creationism essay laws. It would appear that members of the same churches creationism essay generally disagree as to these things.
Furthermore, creationism essay, [the Butler Act] requires the teaching of nothing. It only forbids the teaching of evolution of man from a lower order of animals As the law thus stands, while the theory of evolution of man may not be taught in the schools of the State, creationism essay, nothing contrary to that theory [such as Creationism] is required to be taught.
Creationism essay is not necessary now to determine the exact scope of the Religious Preference clause of the Constitution Section 3 of Article 1 is binding alike on the Legislature and the school authorities.
So far we are clear that the Legislature has not crossed these constitutional limitations. The interpretation of the Establishment Clause of the United States Constitution up to that time held that the government could not establish a particular creationism essay as the State religion, creationism essay.
The Tennessee Supreme Court's decision held in effect that the Butler Act was constitutional under the state Constitution's Religious Preference Clause, because the Act did not establish one religion as the "State religion", creationism essay.
In the United States Supreme Court invalidated a forty-year-old Arkansas statute that prohibited the teaching of evolution in the public schools. A Little Rock, creationism essay, Arkansascreationism essay, high-school-biology teacher, Susan Epperson, filed suit, charging that the law violated the federal constitutional prohibition against establishment of religion as set forth in the Establishment Clause. The Little Rock Ministerial Association supported Epperson's challenge, declaring, "to use the Bible to support an irrational and an archaic concept of static and undeveloping creation is not only to misunderstand the meaning of the Book of Genesis, but to do God and religion a disservice by making both enemies of scientific advancement and academic freedom".
Daniel v. Waters was a legal case in which the United States Court of Appeals for creationism essay Sixth Circuit struck down Tennessee's law regarding the teaching of "equal time" of evolution and creationism in public-school science classes because it violated the Establishment Clause, creationism essay. Following this ruling, creationism was stripped of overt biblical references and rebranded "Creation Science", and several states passed legislative acts requiring that this creationism essay given equal time with the teaching of evolution.
As biologists grew more and more confident in evolution as the central defining principle of biology, [62] [63] American membership in churches favoring increasingly literal interpretations of scripture also rose, with the Southern Baptist Convention and Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod outpacing all other denominations.
In Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing released the first major modern creationist book: Creationism essay C. Whitcomb and Henry M.
Morris ' influential The Genesis Flood: The Biblical Record and Its Scientific Implications. Creationism essay authors argued that creation was literally 6 days long, that humans lived concurrently with dinosaurs, and that God created creationism essay "kind" of life individually.
Inanother case in Arkansas ruled that the Arkansas "Balanced Treatment for Creation-Science and Evolution-Science Act" Act was unconstitutional because it violated the Establishment Clause. Much of the transcript of the case was lost, creationism essay, [ by whom?
In the early s, the Louisiana legislature passed a law titled the "Balanced Treatment for Creation-Science and Evolution-Science Act".
TOP TEN Biblical Problems for Young Earth Creationism
, time: 19:5350 Compelling Argumentative Essay Topics
Jun 28, · An argumentative speech is a persuasive speech in which the speaker attempts to persuade his audience to alter their viewpoints on a controversial issue. While a persuasive speech may be aimed more at sharing a viewpoint and asking the audience to consider it, an argumentative speech aims to radically change the opinions already held by the audience Jun 01, · Creation vs. Evolution Terms. In the creation/evolution controversy and battle over biblical authority, much of the dispute may become clearer if writers would carefully provide readers with precise definitions of terminology 1 day ago · An argumentative essay requires you to decide on a topic and take a position on it. You'll need to back up your viewpoint with well-researched facts and information as well. One of the hardest parts is deciding which topic to write about, but there are plenty of ideas available to get you started
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